What Are Nonstimulant Medications for ADHD?

Managing ADHD isn’t one-size-fits-all. While stimulant medications are often the first line of treatment, nonstimulant options offer a valuable alternative for some individuals. Let’s explore what nonstimulant medications are, how they work, and whether they might be the right choice for you.

Stimulant vs. Nonstimulant Medications: What’s the Difference?

Stimulants work by increasing the levels of dopamine and norepinephrine in the brain, which are key to focus and impulse control. Nonstimulants, on the other hand, primarily affect norepinephrine without directly targeting dopamine.

While stimulants act quickly (often within hours), nonstimulants typically take longer to build up in your system. However, they can provide steadier symptom relief without the peaks and crashes sometimes associated with stimulants.

How Effective Are Nonstimulant Medications?

Response rates for nonstimulants are lower than for stimulants. About 50-70% of people respond well to nonstimulant medications, compared to 70-90% for stimulants. However, they can still be highly effective, particularly for those who cannot take stimulants due to side effects or other reasons.

Common Nonstimulant Medications for ADHD

Strattera (Atomoxetine)

• Dosage: 40-100 mg daily

• Duration: 24 hours

Qelbree (Viloxazine)

• Dosage: 100-400 mg daily

• Duration: 24 hour

Intuniv (Guanfacine ER)

• Dosage: 1-4 mg daily

• Duration: 24 hours

Kapvay (Clonidine ER)

• Dosage: 0.1-0.4 mg daily

• Duration: 24 hours

How Long Do Nonstimulants Take to Work?

Unlike stimulants, which can work within hours, nonstimulants require time to build up in your system. Most people begin noticing improvements within 1-3 weeks, with full effects typically seen after 4-6 weeks of consistent use.

Side Effects of Nonstimulant Medications

Nonstimulants are generally well-tolerated but may cause:

• Fatigue or Drowsiness: Especially with guanfacine or clonidine, so it’s often taken at night.

• Nausea or Upset Stomach: Common with atomoxetine, particularly when taken on an empty stomach.

• Lower Blood Pressure: Guanfacine and clonidine may cause dizziness.

• Mood Changes: Rarely, some people experience increased irritability or emotional sensitivity.

Most side effects diminish as your body adjusts to the medication. Talk to your prescriber if they persist.

Why Choose Nonstimulants Over Stimulants?

Nonstimulants may be a better fit for you if:

1. You Experience Side Effects with Stimulants: Nonstimulants have a lower risk of appetite suppression, insomnia, or jitteriness.

2. You Have a History of Substance Abuse: Nonstimulants are not controlled substances, making them a safer option.

3. You Struggle with Anxiety or Tics: Nonstimulants are less likely to exacerbate these conditions.

4. You Prefer Steady, 24-Hour Symptom Relief: Nonstimulants provide consistent coverage without the peaks and crashes of some stimulants.

While I can’t prescribe medication, I can help you take charge of your ADHD treatment journey. Together, we can monitor your symptoms, track your progress, explore strategies that complement your medication, and ensure you have the knowledge and advocacy you need when working with your prescriber. If you’re ready to build a plan that works for you, let’s connect.